Concrete construction



E. A. EASTMAN.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED SEPTYZB 9]6. 1,344,623. Patented June 29, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Y A. EASTM ETE--CONSTRUCTION. 0N FILED sEPTi2a, 1916.

Patented June 29, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Ill/ll I UNITED STATES.

ERNEST A. .EASTMAN, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

CONCRETE, consrnucrron.

: Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 29 1920,

Application filed September 23, 1916. SerialNo. 121,762.

To all whom it may concern: 7 V

Be it known that I, ERNEST A.'EAST1\IAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Gon struction, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to concrete building structures and more particularly to interchangeable forms and supports therefor for monolithic walls and other structures and the method of assembling and supporting same.

The object of the invention is to provide forms for concrete structures or other bodies formed from plastic material which will not only be simple and cheap in construction, but will be more efiicient in use, easily and quickly assembled, and readily removed, which will be interchangeable, capable of being repeatedly used, and unlikely to get out of repair.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved method of supporting the form members in relation one with another and'with the foundation or baseof themode of operation, or their equivalents as hereinafter described and set forth in the claims. I

Referring to the drawings, Figure ,1 is a perspective view of a portion of a build ing structure of the inonolithic type in process of erection in which the method and forms forming the subject matter hereof are employed. Fig. 2 is a transversesectional view of two parallel monolithic walls in process of erection, showing the form members of each wall tied to and supported by those of the opposite wall. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the lower ends of one pair of form struts showing'th'e transverse tie rod. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view of a portion ofthe foundation of the structure prepared to receive the form struts illustrated in Fig. 3 and also showing the impression bar by which the foundation is prepared for the reception of the tie rods of the form struts. Fig. 5 is a sideelevation of a portion of a structure showing the succeedlng stages in carrylng out the method,

Llke parts are lndlcated by similar characters of reference throughout the several views.

At the present time it is the practice in the construction of monolithic building walls of concrete or other plastic material to construct special forms for each structure. These forms are cut and fitted for each particular building and are supported by laterial braces or by any means which may be convenient. The forms are usuallyprepared "with little or no thought of future use and as now employed are incapable of use for subsequent building operations other than merely as lumber to be recut and refitted- V The object of the present invention is to provide forms whichwill be capable of reuse for subsequent building operation without material change and which will besupported upon the building foundation with;

'out the necessity for the lateral or diagonal braces commonly employed. In lieu of the lateral braces the supporting struts of the opposite or separated wall formsare tied one to the other by cross bars or ties whereby each wall form is supported by its neighbor. I Referring to the drawings, 1 is afoundation or base upon which the monolithic walls are to beerected. This foundation or base is formed from concrete or other plastic material in the usual method, in form extending slightly above the ground level. However, before the material forming the base or foundation has set or hardened, transverse impression bars 2 are located at spaced intervals to'form in the upper face of the foundation or base, transverse grooves opposite end or, if so desired, both ends of the tie rods 5 may be screw threaded and each end provided with a removable nut 7 as shown in detail in Fig, 3. The

tie rods 5 are also provided with additional spaced nuts 8 located at the inner sides of the struts or standards 4:, serving to space the struts or standards one from the other. It will be obvious that one integral or fixed head or collar upon the tie rods 5 may be employed in lieu of a nut 8 or that the tie rods may be permanently at-' tached to one strut of each pair. However, the use of spaced adjustable nuts 8 is preferrcd as by this means the struts or standards may be adjusted to or from each other to enable the erection of walls ofdiflerent thicknesses without the necessity of substi tuting tie rods of different lengths.

The struts or standards 4 connected into pairs by the tie rods 5 are supported upon thefoundation l with the tie rods 5 located within the transverse channels or grooves 3. The heads or nuts 8 perform the additional function of spacing the struts or standards l outward sul'licient distance from the lateral faces of the foundation or base 1 to accommodate the lateral form boards or sides 9 of the form whereby the inner faces of the form boards 9 will coincide with the exterior face of the foundation or base. Thus the faces of the wall are positioned in common planes with those of the foundation.

At their upper ends the struts or standards 4 of each pair are connected each with the other and with a pair of standards or struts oppositely disposed in the structure by a transverse tie bar 10 bolted or otherwise secured to the several struts 4:. By this construction the forms at the opposite sides of the structure are tied one to the other whereby each tends to support the opposite form. The form boards 9 comprising the lateral sides or walls of the form are located one upon another'intermediate the struts or standards forming the pairs and resting against the inner edges of such struts. They may be held in their adjusted position by lightly nailing them to the struts but are preferably held by removable space bars 12 shown at the left in Fig. 2. These space bars serve to temporarily position the form boards 9 while the concrete is being poured and are removed before setting the form boards for the succeeding course.

The forms and method of assembling same heretofore described may be employed for forming solid monolithic walls as shown at the right in Fig. 2 or may be employed in conjunction with the removable collapsible cores, set forth and described ininy copending application Serial No. 18726 to form a hollow or recessed wall as shown at the left in Fig. 2.

In employing the forms and method herein described the form is built and the material poured in a series of stages or courses. The lowermost form boards are placed in fioient to extend throughout the entire height of the wall. However, in constructing walls of extreme height or in the event that struts or standards of short length are employed, the upper face of the wall at any stage or height may be provided with the channels or transverse grooves 3 similar to those of the foundation or base. After the wall is permitted to harden the forms may be removed and the connected pairs of struts again erected in, elevated position upon the partially completed wall, preparatory to adding to the wall an additional series of courses. The transverse channels or grooves may be formed in the upper edge of the wall at any stage by inserting the impression bars 2 therein and the form struts may be supported upon the wall at any elevation in the same manner that they are shown supported upon the foundation in the drawing.

hen the wall has been completed and has set or hardened sufliciently the forms are removed by detaching the transverse tie bars 10 from the upper ends of the form struts or standards 41 and by removing the nuts from either one or both ends of the 1 tie rods 5. Upon the removal of the nuts the standards or struts a may be detached from the tie rods and the tie rods may be driven from the wall. As shown in Fig. 5, the pouring of the wall material within the 05 form causes the upper portion of the channel orgroove 3 to be filled with the wall forming material. Thus when the rods 5 are removed from the finished wall a series of holes13 remain, conforming to the tie 11o rods. These holes may be left for ventilation purposes or may be subsequently closed by filling them with plastic material.

From the above description it will be apparent that there is thus provided a device 115 of the character described possessing the particular. features of advantage before enumerated as desirable but which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, proportion, detail construction, or ar- 120 rangement of'parts without departing from the principle involved or sacrificing any of its advantages.

While in order to comply with the statute the invention has been described in language 125 more or less specific as to certain structural features, it is to be understood that the means and construction herein described comprise but one mode of putting the invention into effect and the invention 130 is therefore claimed broadly in any of its possible forms or modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention I claim 1. In a form for stru'ctures of concrete or similar material, struts or uprights arranged at opposite sides of a foundation or base thereof, tie rods connecting the struts in pairs extending transversely in relation with said base or foundation and supported thereon, spacer heads upon the tie rods intel-mediate the struts and lateral faces of the foundation and base, and form boards supported intermediate said struts and resting upon the spacer heads.

2. In a form mold for walls of concrete or like material, having transverse grooves in the top surface of each succeeding course or section of the wall, of upright struts positioned at opposite sides of the wall section to which an addition is to be made, transverse tie rods resting in said groove depressions and connecting oppositely disposed struts one to the other, spacer heads carried upon the tie rods intermediate the struts and the adjacent lateral wall faces, and form pallets positioned at the inner sides of the struts resting upon said spacer heads.

3. In a form mold for parallel walls of concrete or like material, the combination of c a plurality of struts arranged in pairs, sepa rate pairs of struts being oppositely disposed and supported upon and straddling preceding completed courses of the structure, form boards positioned intermediate the struts of each pair, and a transverse supporting tie, connecting the upper ends of the struts of one pair supported upon one wall with the upper ends of the struts of the oppositely disposed pair of struts supported upon the opposite parallel wall, substantially as specified.

4. In a form for walls of concrete or like material, a plurality of struts arranged in pairs, said pairs of struts being arranged in two series, and supported upon preceding .completed courses of parallel walls, form pallets supported by the struts, and transverse ties connecting both struts comprising a pair of one series with both struts forming a pair of the separate series.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of September, A. D.

ERNEST A. EASTMAN. Witnesses:

EDWARD E. DUNCAN, F. L. WALKER. 

